While most&nbsp;Asian countries face heavy exposure to climate risks,&nbsp;greening efforts&nbsp;vary greatly across the region&nbsp;because of imbalances in wealth and how much countries rely&nbsp;on pollutive fossil fuels.

Given&nbsp;such challenges, state-owned enterprises will play an “outsized role” in decarbonisation, because their agendas straddle&nbsp;both economic and national interests, say&nbsp;executives at the&nbsp;Boston Consulting Group (BCG), which&nbsp;<a href="https://www.eco-business.com/news/boston-consulting-group-opens-regional-sustainability-hub-in-singapore/">set up a sustainability office</a>&nbsp;in Singapore last March.&nbsp;Many large government-owned businesses control key industrial verticals, such as oil extraction, infrastructure and electricity transmission, in Southeast Asia.

In an interview with Eco-Business, BCG experts discussed the challenges of scaling up nascent technology such as carbon capture and clean hydrogen fuel. The management consulting firm is helping&nbsp;the shipping industry&nbsp;to identify promising green technologies and analyse&nbsp;how the introduction of low-carbon fuels will change vessel refuelling locations globally, it&nbsp;shared.

Watch the video for more&nbsp;analysis of Asia’s climate trajectory, and how&nbsp;BCG&nbsp;is keeping up with evolving sustainability trends through its hiring and acquisition strategy.

<h1>Tackling climate change in a mosaicked Asia</h1>Asia's green transition pathways need to be socially inclusive given huge differences in economic development across the region, says experts at the Boston Consulting Group. State-owned enterprises have an "outsized" role to play, they add.While most&nbsp;Asian countries face heavy exposure to climate risks,&nbsp;greening efforts&nbsp;vary greatly across the region&nbsp;because of imbalances in wealth and how much countries rely&nbsp;on pollutive fossil fuels.Given&nbsp;such challenges, state-owned enterprises will play an “outsized role” in decarbonisation, because their agendas straddle&nbsp;both economic and national interests, say&nbsp;executives at the&nbsp;Boston Consulting Group (BCG), which&nbsp;<a href="https://www.eco-business.com/news/boston-consulting-group-opens-regional-sustainability-hub-in-singapore/">set up a sustainability office</a>&nbsp;in Singapore last March.&nbsp;Many large government-owned businesses control key industrial verticals, such as oil extraction, infrastructure and electricity transmission, in Southeast Asia.In an interview with Eco-Business, BCG experts discussed the challenges of scaling up nascent technology such as carbon capture and clean hydrogen fuel. The management consulting firm is helping&nbsp;the shipping industry&nbsp;to identify promising green technologies and analyse&nbsp;how the introduction of low-carbon fuels will change vessel refuelling locations globally, it&nbsp;shared.Watch the video for more&nbsp;analysis of Asia’s climate trajectory, and how&nbsp;BCG&nbsp;is keeping up with evolving sustainability trends through its hiring and acquisition strategy.Established in 2009, Eco-Business is Asia Pacific’s largest media and business intelligence organisation dedicated to sustainable development and ESG performance.

We are the only organisation in the region with a news, advisory and innovation business that spans across the entire sustainability ecosystem.

Our award-winning news platform delivers high quality trusted content to a senior audience around the world, while our ESG Intelligence team provides affordable advisory and training services to a wide range of organisations.

MNCs, SMEs, governments, multilateral institutes and civic society organisations across the world tap on our suite of thought leadership services across multimedia platforms, as well as advisory services, training and development.

We also match capital to the best innovations that solve specific sustainability challenges and accelerate the time it takes for ideas to reach commercial markets.

We are headquartered in Singapore, with a presence in China, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, and correspondents in major cities around the world.Singapore
Eco-Business Pte Ltd
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Tel: +65 6250 2488

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Asia's green transition pathways need to be socially inclusive given huge differences in economic development across the region, says experts at the Boston Consulting Group. State-owned enterprises have an "outsized" role to play, they add.

Tackling climate change in a mosaicked Asia

The bag charge applies to about 400 large supermarkets, out of 600&nbsp;supermarkets&nbsp;islandwide. While cashiers will be doling out the charges at manned counters, several operators are leaving it up to customers to pay for plastic carriers that are available to them at self-checkout counters.

Such&nbsp;honesty schemes are&nbsp;being used by major operators such as&nbsp;NTUC FairPrice,&nbsp;which has over 100 stores islandwide, DFI Retail Group, which has 75 supermarkets under the Cold Storage and Giant brands, and Prime Supermarket, with 24 outlets.

Meanwhile, Sheng Siong is introducing self-checkout kiosks with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.eco-business.com/tags/plastic/">plastic</a>&nbsp;bag dispensers that add the fees straight to customers’ receipts, instead of relying on shoppers to key in the number of bags they use.

The retailer is targeting&nbsp;introducing 30 such counters at six shops by next week, and 50 counters by year end. Unlike its competitors, few of Sheng Siong’s 68 supermarkets have existing self-checkout options. A spokesperson declined to reveal the setup costs of the bag dispensers.

Environmental policy observer Audrey Tan, in response to news&nbsp;of FairPrice’s plan, said it is an “unfortunate case of one step forward and 10 steps back”, and feels like&nbsp;<a href="https://www.eco-business.com/tags/greenwashing/">greenwashing</a>.

Tan wrote on her LinkedIn social media page that past trials with bag charges should have made clear if customers can be trusted to pay up.

FairPrice had trialled bag charges at a few stores in 2019. A survey by the supermarket then found that just over 70 per cent of shoppers supported the initiative, with the rest believing free shopping bags&nbsp;are an expected&nbsp;free service, and that they are needed to line trash bins at home.

There are other bags available, such as bread packaging, to store wet waste, Tan told Eco-Business, adding she wonders why more supermarkets&nbsp;do not adopt plastic bag dispensers for self-checkout booths.

Environmental advocate Robin Rheaume, who runs a Singapore recycling information website, said there may be a “relatively high” number of people – she expects about 30 per cent – not paying for bags at self-checkout counters.

They could either skip the charge as a personal protest, or genuinely forget to pay in a rush, especially with “a queue of people breathing down their neck”, Rheaume said.

The bag charge would unlikely make a meaningful impact on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.eco-business.com/tags/climate/">climate change</a>&nbsp;– Singapore incinerates its waste which generates carbon emissions&nbsp;– Rheaume said, but added it may have a knock-on impact on people’s sustainability behaviour.

“So how the system is implemented, and not simply having a bag charge, is worth thinking about,” she added.

Shoppers took about 820 million plastic bags from supermarkets a year, according to a 2018 study by the Singapore Environment Council. They make up part of the 200 thousand tonnes of disposables that residents tossed in 2020, against nearly 6 million tonnes of total waste produced that year, according to the National Environment Agency.

Rheaume suggested putting barcodes on plastic bags, which she had seen implemented in Iceland. A spokesperson for Prime Supermarket in Singapore said its plastic bags will come with barcodes for the five-cent charge.

Legislation for Singapore’s plastic bag charge, passed March this year, states that retailers “must” collect at least five cents for each disposable carrier bag.

Retailers could be fined up to S$10,000 (US$7,400) and jailed up to three months for flouting the rule. But if hauled to court, they are allowed to argue their innocence by showing that “reasonable care” was taken to enforce the bag charge. It has led to questions online on the legality of the supermarkets’ honour systems in implementing the plastic bag charge.

Tiong Teck Wee, a partner at law firm WongPartnership, said it is not possible to say whether supermarkets have complied with the&nbsp;laws governing the plastic bag charge, just based on them adopting an honour system.

Tiong noted that there are already staff assisting shoppers at self-checkout counters today.

“It is hard to say at the moment where on the spectrum supermarkets are going to land [on enforcing the plastic bag charge], but they do not appear to be on either extreme [of being too stringent or&nbsp;lax],”&nbsp;he&nbsp;said.

But Meryl Koh, director of intellectual property and dispute resolution at law firm Drew &amp; Napier, said retailers could indeed be breaching the law if they cannot charge for every plastic bag used.

Retailers opting for honour systems could find it hard to prove they have taken reasonable care, since some shoppers can slip through the system, though it is still unclear what “reasonable care” actually means in practice, Koh said.

Retailers could get staff to do additional checks on customers’ plastic bag payments, or hand out bags to shoppers only after payment, Koh suggested.

A Singapore lawyer, speaking anonymously due to existing work with retail clients, said a sizable mismatch between the number of bags dispensed and charge collected could denote&nbsp;a lack of reasonable care.

Retailers need to report such figures annually to the government. They could be asked to implement stronger measures if a large mismatch is reported, the lawyer said.

A FairPrice Group spokesperson said frontline staff have been trained to be “vigilant” in getting customers to adhere to the charge, and that checkout areas are already manned by security cameras.

The spokesperson said FairPrice will monitor its honour-based system and assess if modifications are needed.&nbsp;FairPrice had earlier said no extra staff will be rostered at the self-checkout counters to monitor that shoppers pay their plastic bag fees,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/honour-system-for-bag-charge-at-fairprice-self-checkouts-from-july-3" target="_blank">according</a>&nbsp;to local newspaper The Straits Times.

A DFI Retail Group spokesperson said all team members are briefed and trained on necessary procedures around the bag charge. A Prime Supermarket spokesperson said staff are on-hand to assist customers at self-checkout counters.

Singapore’s National Environmental Agency (NEA) said it will do compliance checks, and that the information retailers publish on bags dispensed and fees collected needs to be audited. The agency will direct operators with incomplete or inaccurate information to rectify or recompute their numbers, its spokesperson noted.

Dozens of jurisdictions globally charge for plastic bags, and some have likewise grappled with getting customers to pay up.&nbsp;

Hong Kong doubled its plastic bag charge to HK$1 (US$0.12) at the end of last year. The government told retailers to put plastic bags further from self-checkout counters, and conducted plainclothes spot checks,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3204200/hongkongers-pay-hk1-plastic-bag-supermarkets-next-week-operators-given-1-month-grace-period" target="_blank">according</a>&nbsp;to newspaper South China Morning Post.

Officials in Denver, Colorado in the United States have also&nbsp;<a href="https://original.newsbreak.com/@david-heitz-561257/2842322015387-shoppers-not-paying-for-bags-at-self-checkouts-official-says" target="_blank">admitted</a>&nbsp;some shoppers jump the bag charge at self-checkout counters, where they self-declare how many bags they are taking.

Single-use plastics are major culprits in global marine pollution. They are also produced from fossil fuels, the dominant cause of&nbsp;man-made global warming.

In Singapore, the concern is that incinerating such waste adds to its carbon emissions, and takes up space in its only landfill, which&nbsp;the authorities are trying to extend the lifespan of past 2035. Only 6 per cent of&nbsp;Singapore’s plastics were recycled last year and the city-state’s domestic recycling rate dropped from 13 per cent to 12 per cent last year.

Free plastic bags have been slowly disappearing in Singapore. Many convenience store chains already have plastic bag charges in place. Furniture retailer Ikea&nbsp;pulled free bags from its megastores in the city-state a decade ago.

<h1>Singapore eco-advocates question efficacy of supermarkets’ ‘honour’-based plastic bag charge</h1>In a week’s time, Singapore shoppers without their own shopping bags will need to top up supermarket purchases with spare change, as a five-cent (US$0.04) plastic bag charge goes live across the country.

Or some of them could try to slip through the “honour”-based system that many retailers have chosen to implement at the ubiquitous self-checkout counters, environmentalists fear, denting the effectiveness of a major initiative to cut down on single-use plastics in the city-state. Plastic bags are one of the major contributors to Singapore’s domestic plastic waste stream.The bag charge applies to about 400 large supermarkets, out of 600&nbsp;supermarkets&nbsp;islandwide. While cashiers will be doling out the charges at manned counters, several operators are leaving it up to customers to pay for plastic carriers that are available to them at self-checkout counters.Such&nbsp;honesty schemes are&nbsp;being used by major operators such as&nbsp;NTUC FairPrice,&nbsp;which has over 100 stores islandwide, DFI Retail Group, which has 75 supermarkets under the Cold Storage and Giant brands, and Prime Supermarket, with 24 outlets.Meanwhile, Sheng Siong is introducing self-checkout kiosks with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.eco-business.com/tags/plastic/">plastic</a>&nbsp;bag dispensers that add the fees straight to customers’ receipts, instead of relying on shoppers to key in the number of bags they use.The retailer is targeting&nbsp;introducing 30 such counters at six shops by next week, and 50 counters by year end. Unlike its competitors, few of Sheng Siong’s 68 supermarkets have existing self-checkout options. A spokesperson declined to reveal the setup costs of the bag dispensers.Environmental policy observer Audrey Tan, in response to news&nbsp;of FairPrice’s plan, said it is an “unfortunate case of one step forward and 10 steps back”, and feels like&nbsp;<a href="https://www.eco-business.com/tags/greenwashing/">greenwashing</a>.Tan wrote on her LinkedIn social media page that past trials with bag charges should have made clear if customers can be trusted to pay up.FairPrice had trialled bag charges at a few stores in 2019. A survey by the supermarket then found that just over 70 per cent of shoppers supported the initiative, with the rest believing free shopping bags&nbsp;are an expected&nbsp;free service, and that they are needed to line trash bins at home.There are other bags available, such as bread packaging, to store wet waste, Tan told Eco-Business, adding she wonders why more supermarkets&nbsp;do not adopt plastic bag dispensers for self-checkout booths.Environmental advocate Robin Rheaume, who runs a Singapore recycling information website, said there may be a “relatively high” number of people – she expects about 30 per cent – not paying for bags at self-checkout counters.They could either skip the charge as a personal protest, or genuinely forget to pay in a rush, especially with “a queue of people breathing down their neck”, Rheaume said.The bag charge would unlikely make a meaningful impact on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.eco-business.com/tags/climate/">climate change</a>&nbsp;– Singapore incinerates its waste which generates carbon emissions&nbsp;– Rheaume said, but added it may have a knock-on impact on people’s sustainability behaviour.“So how the system is implemented, and not simply having a bag charge, is worth thinking about,” she added.Shoppers took about 820 million plastic bags from supermarkets a year, according to a 2018 study by the Singapore Environment Council. They make up part of the 200 thousand tonnes of disposables that residents tossed in 2020, against nearly 6 million tonnes of total waste produced that year, according to the National Environment Agency.Rheaume suggested putting barcodes on plastic bags, which she had seen implemented in Iceland. A spokesperson for Prime Supermarket in Singapore said its plastic bags will come with barcodes for the five-cent charge.<h4>Are honour-based systems legal?</h4>Legislation for Singapore’s plastic bag charge, passed March this year, states that retailers “must” collect at least five cents for each disposable carrier bag.Retailers could be fined up to S$10,000 (US$7,400) and jailed up to three months for flouting the rule. But if hauled to court, they are allowed to argue their innocence by showing that “reasonable care” was taken to enforce the bag charge. It has led to questions online on the legality of the supermarkets’ honour systems in implementing the plastic bag charge.Tiong Teck Wee, a partner at law firm WongPartnership, said it is not possible to say whether supermarkets have complied with the&nbsp;laws governing the plastic bag charge, just based on them adopting an honour system.Tiong noted that there are already staff assisting shoppers at self-checkout counters today.“It is hard to say at the moment where on the spectrum supermarkets are going to land [on enforcing the plastic bag charge], but they do not appear to be on either extreme [of being too stringent or&nbsp;lax],”&nbsp;he&nbsp;said.But Meryl Koh, director of intellectual property and dispute resolution at law firm Drew &amp; Napier, said retailers could indeed be breaching the law if they cannot charge for every plastic bag used.Retailers opting for honour systems could find it hard to prove they have taken reasonable care, since some shoppers can slip through the system, though it is still unclear what “reasonable care” actually means in practice, Koh said.Retailers could get staff to do additional checks on customers’ plastic bag payments, or hand out bags to shoppers only after payment, Koh suggested.A Singapore lawyer, speaking anonymously due to existing work with retail clients, said a sizable mismatch between the number of bags dispensed and charge collected could denote&nbsp;a lack of reasonable care.Retailers need to report such figures annually to the government. They could be asked to implement stronger measures if a large mismatch is reported, the lawyer said.A FairPrice Group spokesperson said frontline staff have been trained to be “vigilant” in getting customers to adhere to the charge, and that checkout areas are already manned by security cameras.The spokesperson said FairPrice will monitor its honour-based system and assess if modifications are needed.&nbsp;FairPrice had earlier said no extra staff will be rostered at the self-checkout counters to monitor that shoppers pay their plastic bag fees,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/honour-system-for-bag-charge-at-fairprice-self-checkouts-from-july-3" target="_blank">according</a>&nbsp;to local newspaper The Straits Times.A DFI Retail Group spokesperson said all team members are briefed and trained on necessary procedures around the bag charge. A Prime Supermarket spokesperson said staff are on-hand to assist customers at self-checkout counters.Singapore’s National Environmental Agency (NEA) said it will do compliance checks, and that the information retailers publish on bags dispensed and fees collected needs to be audited. The agency will direct operators with incomplete or inaccurate information to rectify or recompute their numbers, its spokesperson noted.Dozens of jurisdictions globally charge for plastic bags, and some have likewise grappled with getting customers to pay up.&nbsp;Hong Kong doubled its plastic bag charge to HK$1 (US$0.12) at the end of last year. The government told retailers to put plastic bags further from self-checkout counters, and conducted plainclothes spot checks,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.scmp.com/yp/discover/news/hong-kong/article/3204200/hongkongers-pay-hk1-plastic-bag-supermarkets-next-week-operators-given-1-month-grace-period" target="_blank">according</a>&nbsp;to newspaper South China Morning Post.Officials in Denver, Colorado in the United States have also&nbsp;<a href="https://original.newsbreak.com/@david-heitz-561257/2842322015387-shoppers-not-paying-for-bags-at-self-checkouts-official-says" target="_blank">admitted</a>&nbsp;some shoppers jump the bag charge at self-checkout counters, where they self-declare how many bags they are taking.Single-use plastics are major culprits in global marine pollution. They are also produced from fossil fuels, the dominant cause of&nbsp;man-made global warming.In Singapore, the concern is that incinerating such waste adds to its carbon emissions, and takes up space in its only landfill, which&nbsp;the authorities are trying to extend the lifespan of past 2035. Only 6 per cent of&nbsp;Singapore’s plastics were recycled last year and the city-state’s domestic recycling rate dropped from 13 per cent to 12 per cent last year.Free plastic bags have been slowly disappearing in Singapore. Many convenience store chains already have plastic bag charges in place. Furniture retailer Ikea&nbsp;pulled free bags from its megastores in the city-state a decade ago.Established in 2009, Eco-Business is Asia Pacific’s largest media and business intelligence organisation dedicated to sustainable development and ESG performance.

We are the only organisation in the region with a news, advisory and innovation business that spans across the entire sustainability ecosystem.

Our award-winning news platform delivers high quality trusted content to a senior audience around the world, while our ESG Intelligence team provides affordable advisory and training services to a wide range of organisations.

MNCs, SMEs, governments, multilateral institutes and civic society organisations across the world tap on our suite of thought leadership services across multimedia platforms, as well as advisory services, training and development.

We also match capital to the best innovations that solve specific sustainability challenges and accelerate the time it takes for ideas to reach commercial markets.

We are headquartered in Singapore, with a presence in China, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, and correspondents in major cities around the world.

Singapore
Eco-Business Pte Ltd
1 Rochester Park
#02-01 Rochester Commons
Singapore 139212
Tel: +65 6250 2488

Legal / Patent / Intellectual Property

Politics / Government / Local government

In a week’s time, Singapore shoppers without their own shopping bags will need to top up supermarket purchases with spare change, as a five-cent (US$0.04) plastic bag charge goes live across the country.

Or some of them could try to slip through the “honour”-based system that many retailers have chosen to implement at the ubiquitous self-checkout counters, environmentalists fear, denting the effectiveness of a major initiative to cut down on single-use plastics in the city-state. Plastic bags are one of the major contributors to Singapore’s domestic plastic waste stream.